前言
Mapgis是一款国内优秀的地图软件🌩️，但由于其仍然存在一些不足，而且操作较为复杂，因此我们会选择其他更为便捷的绘图方式，比如GMT。在使用GMT绘图的过程中，官方文档中提供的数据并不能完全满足自己的需求，因此要对自己的数据进行一系列处理
GMT绘图是不能直接读取⚠️Mapgis中的点、线、面 文件，因此要进行一些文件中属性更改、格式转换等操作。
GDAL
首先，要保证GDAL软件已经正确安装，可以通过命令行检查自己是否已经安装GDAL成功。
WIN+R调出 运行，输入CMD 点击确定，后在命令框中输入 gdal_translate
如果正确安装会出现以下内容，显示出一些GDAL的一些使用命令：
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| C:\Users\XXXX>gdal_translate
Usage: gdal_translate [--help-general] [--long-usage]
[-ot {Byte/Int16/UInt16/UInt32/Int32/UInt64/Int64/Float32/Float64/
CInt16/CInt32/CFloat32/CFloat64}] [-strict]
[-if format]* [-of format]
[-b band] [-mask band] [-expand {gray|rgb|rgba}]
[-outsize xsize[%]|0 ysize[%]|0] [-tr xres yres]
[-r {nearest,bilinear,cubic,cubicspline,lanczos,average,mode}]
[-unscale] [-scale[_bn] [src_min src_max [dst_min dst_max]]]* [-exponent[_bn] exp_val]*
[-srcwin xoff yoff xsize ysize] [-epo] [-eco]
[-projwin ulx uly lrx lry] [-projwin_srs srs_def]
[-a_srs srs_def] [-a_coord_epoch epoch]
[-a_ullr ulx uly lrx lry] [-a_nodata value]
[-a_scale value] [-a_offset value]
[-nogcp] [-gcp pixel line easting northing [elevation]]*
|-colorinterp{_bn} {red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined}]
|-colorinterp {red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined},...]
[-mo "META-TAG=VALUE"]* [-q] [-sds]
[-co "NAME=VALUE"]* [-stats] [-norat] [-noxmp]
[-oo NAME=VALUE]*
src_dataset dst_dataset
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输入 gdal_translate –formats ，可以看到gdal支持的格式:
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| C:\Users\XXXX>gdal_translate --formats
Supported Formats:
VRT -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+v): Virtual Raster
DERIVED -raster- (ro): Derived datasets using VRT pixel functions
GTiff -raster- (rw+vs): GeoTIFF
COG -raster- (wv): Cloud optimized GeoTIFF generator
NITF -raster- (rw+vs): National Imagery Transmission Format
RPFTOC -raster- (rovs): Raster Product Format TOC format
ECRGTOC -raster- (rovs): ECRG TOC format
HFA -raster- (rw+v): Erdas Imagine Images (.img)
SAR_CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS SAR Image
CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS Image
JAXAPALSAR -raster- (rov): JAXA PALSAR Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5)
GFF -raster- (rov): Ground-based SAR Applications Testbed File Format (.gff)
ELAS -raster- (rw+v): ELAS
ESRIC -raster- (rov): Esri Compact Cache
AIG -raster- (rov): Arc/Info Binary Grid
AAIGrid -raster- (rwv): Arc/Info ASCII Grid
GRASSASCIIGrid -raster- (rov): GRASS ASCII Grid
ISG -raster- (rov): International Service for the Geoid
SDTS -raster- (rov): SDTS Raster
DTED -raster- (rwv): DTED Elevation Raster
PNG -raster- (rwv): Portable Network Graphics
JPEG -raster- (rwv): JPEG JFIF
MEM -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+): In Memory Raster
JDEM -raster- (rov): Japanese DEM (.mem)
GIF -raster- (rwv): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
BIGGIF -raster- (rov): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
ESAT -raster- (rov): Envisat Image Format
BSB -raster- (rov): Maptech BSB Nautical Charts
XPM -raster- (rwv): X11 PixMap Format
BMP -raster- (rw+v): MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap
DIMAP -raster- (rovs): SPOT DIMAP
AirSAR -raster- (rov): AirSAR Polarimetric Image
RS2 -raster- (rovs): RadarSat 2 XML Product
SAFE -raster- (rov): Sentinel-1 SAR SAFE Product
PCIDSK -raster,vector- (rw+v): PCIDSK Database File
PCRaster -raster- (rw+): PCRaster Raster File
ILWIS -raster- (rw+v): ILWIS Raster Map
SGI -raster- (rw+v): SGI Image File Format 1.0
SRTMHGT -raster- (rwv): SRTMHGT File Format
Leveller -raster- (rw+v): Leveller heightfield
Terragen -raster- (rw+v): Terragen heightfield
netCDF -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+s): Network Common Data Format
HDF4 -raster,multidimensional raster- (ros): Hierarchical Data Format Release 4
HDF4Image -raster- (rw+): HDF4 Dataset
ISIS3 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 3)
ISIS2 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2)
PDS -raster- (rov): NASA Planetary Data System
PDS4 -raster,vector- (rw+vs): NASA Planetary Data System 4
VICAR -raster,vector- (rw+v): MIPL VICAR file
TIL -raster- (rov): EarthWatch .TIL
ERS -raster- (rw+v): ERMapper .ers Labelled
ECW -raster- (rw): ERDAS Compressed Wavelets (SDK 3.x)
JP2ECW -raster,vector- (rw+v): ERDAS JPEG2000 (SDK 3.x)
JP2OpenJPEG -raster,vector- (rwv): JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
L1B -raster- (rovs): NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set
FIT -raster- (rwv): FIT Image
GRIB -raster,multidimensional raster- (rwv): GRIdded Binary (.grb, .grb2)
MrSID -raster- (rov): Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database (MrSID)
JP2MrSID -raster- (rov): MrSID JPEG2000
RMF -raster- (rw+v): Raster Matrix Format
WCS -raster- (rovs): OGC Web Coverage Service
WMS -raster- (rwvs): OGC Web Map Service
MSGN -raster- (rov): EUMETSAT Archive native (.nat)
RST -raster- (rw+v): Idrisi Raster A.1
GSAG -raster- (rwv): Golden Software ASCII Grid (.grd)
GSBG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software Binary Grid (.grd)
GS7BG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software 7 Binary Grid (.grd)
COSAR -raster- (rov): COSAR Annotated Binary Matrix (TerraSAR-X)
TSX -raster- (rov): TerraSAR-X Product
COASP -raster- (ro): DRDC COASP SAR Processor Raster
R -raster- (rwv): R Object Data Store
MAP -raster- (rov): OziExplorer .MAP
KMLSUPEROVERLAY -raster- (rwv): Kml Super Overlay
WEBP -raster- (rwv): WEBP
PDF -raster,vector- (w+): Geospatial PDF
Rasterlite -raster- (rwvs): Rasterlite
MBTiles -raster,vector- (rw+v): MBTiles
PLMOSAIC -raster- (ro): Planet Labs Mosaics API
CALS -raster- (rwv): CALS (Type 1)
WMTS -raster- (rwv): OGC Web Map Tile Service
SENTINEL2 -raster- (rovs): Sentinel 2
MRF -raster- (rw+v): Meta Raster Format
PNM -raster- (rw+v): Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm)
DOQ1 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (Old Style)
DOQ2 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (New Style)
PAux -raster- (rw+v): PCI .aux Labelled
MFF -raster- (rw+v): Vexcel MFF Raster
MFF2 -raster- (rw+): Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster
GSC -raster- (rov): GSC Geogrid
FAST -raster- (rov): EOSAT FAST Format
BT -raster- (rw+v): VTP .bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format
LAN -raster- (rw+v): Erdas .LAN/.GIS
CPG -raster- (rov): Convair PolGASP
NDF -raster- (rov): NLAPS Data Format
EIR -raster- (rov): Erdas Imagine Raw
DIPEx -raster- (rov): DIPEx
LCP -raster- (rwv): FARSITE v.4 Landscape File (.lcp)
GTX -raster- (rw+v): NOAA Vertical Datum .GTX
LOSLAS -raster- (rov): NADCON .los/.las Datum Grid Shift
NTv2 -raster- (rw+vs): NTv2 Datum Grid Shift
CTable2 -raster- (rw+v): CTable2 Datum Grid Shift
ACE2 -raster- (rov): ACE2
SNODAS -raster- (rov): Snow Data Assimilation System
KRO -raster- (rw+v): KOLOR Raw
ROI_PAC -raster- (rw+v): ROI_PAC raster
RRASTER -raster- (rw+v): R Raster
BYN -raster- (rw+v): Natural Resources Canada's Geoid
ARG -raster- (rwv): Azavea Raster Grid format
RIK -raster- (rov): Swedish Grid RIK (.rik)
USGSDEM -raster- (rwv): USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED)
GXF -raster- (rov): GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format
BAG -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+v): Bathymetry Attributed Grid
HDF5 -raster,multidimensional raster- (rovs): Hierarchical Data Format Release 5
HDF5Image -raster- (rov): HDF5 Dataset
NWT_GRD -raster- (rw+v): Northwood Numeric Grid Format .grd/.tab
NWT_GRC -raster- (rov): Northwood Classified Grid Format .grc/.tab
ADRG -raster- (rw+vs): ARC Digitized Raster Graphics
SRP -raster- (rovs): Standard Raster Product (ASRP/USRP)
BLX -raster- (rwv): Magellan topo (.blx)
PostGISRaster -raster- (rws): PostGIS Raster driver
SAGA -raster- (rw+v): SAGA GIS Binary Grid (.sdat, .sg-grd-z)
XYZ -raster- (rwv): ASCII Gridded XYZ
HF2 -raster- (rwv): HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
OZI -raster- (rov): OziExplorer Image File
CTG -raster- (rov): USGS LULC Composite Theme Grid
ZMap -raster- (rwv): ZMap Plus Grid
NGSGEOID -raster- (rov): NOAA NGS Geoid Height Grids
IRIS -raster- (rov): IRIS data (.PPI, .CAPPi etc)
PRF -raster- (rov): Racurs PHOTOMOD PRF
EEDAI -raster- (ros): Earth Engine Data API Image
DAAS -raster- (ro): Airbus DS Intelligence Data As A Service driver
SIGDEM -raster- (rwv): Scaled Integer Gridded DEM .sigdem
TGA -raster- (rov): TGA/TARGA Image File Format
OGCAPI -raster,vector- (rov): OGCAPI
STACTA -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Tiled Assets
STACIT -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Items
GPKG -raster,vector- (rw+vs): GeoPackage
CAD -raster,vector- (rovs): AutoCAD Driver
PLSCENES -raster,vector- (ro): Planet Labs Scenes API
NGW -raster,vector- (rw+s): NextGIS Web
GenBin -raster- (rov): Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled)
ENVI -raster- (rw+v): ENVI .hdr Labelled
EHdr -raster- (rw+v): ESRI .hdr Labelled
ISCE -raster- (rw+v): ISCE raster
Zarr -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+vs): Zarr
HTTP -raster,vector- (ro): HTTP Fetching Wrapper
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几个简单的GDAL命令
通过格式转换，将数据利用利用到GMT绘图。
tif格式转grd格式
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| gdal_translate.exe -of XXXX.tif ****.grd
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shp格式转gmt格式
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| ogr2ogr -f "OGR_GMT" XXX.gmt ***.shp
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点、线文件
Mapgis点文件和线文件可以直接利用Mapgis中的图形处理➡️格式转换将XX.wt和XX.wl文件转换为**.shp格式。如果对点文件或者线文件中的元素进行分类，可以利用元素的参数或者属性进行归类，具体做可以参照以下对面文件的操作。
| 仅断层 | 添加地质界线 |
|---|
 | |
面文件
Mapgis工程文件由于制作人的不同，图层所保存的属性和参数有所不同。直接对面文件进行格式转换，可能会丢失参数，致使绘图不完整。一个图层中图斑颜色较少时，可以通过Mapgis的通过参数赋属性 的功能添加相关属性，以匹配GMT中的cpt文件；当图层中图斑数量众多，颜色较为丰富时，则选择以颜色、地质年代、岩性等属性进行分类，在mapgis导出的属性表中进行属性的添加和更改，并以此作为GMT填色时所匹配的参数。
操作步骤
Mapgis中处理
- 通过mapgis的section插件打开工程文件，找到目标 X.mp 面文件，并关闭其他文件，查看显示框内是否为目标区域或者构造；
- 选中目标面文件，在其选择框内勾选，使其处于可编辑状态；
- 菜单栏—1辅助工具—导入导出功能—参数转为属性—保存—退出section工具；
- 打开mapgis主菜单—库管理—属性库管理；
- 在弹出的对话框中找到菜单栏的文件—装入区文件—找到目标面文件的目录并打开；
- 在下方的属性表中查看 参数是否成功转换为属性；
- 属性—输出属性（注意：输出类型为wb）—选择输出目录—确定；
- Mapgis主菜单—实用服务—报表编辑—点击工具栏上倒数第三个图标—打开刚刚导出的 X.wb 文件—在自动弹出的对话框中（换名存文件.）命名并导出属性文件；
- 新建excel表格，打开刚刚导出的txt文件，将全部内容复制进excel中；
- 新建一列并命名新属性，在此列中要根据具体需要，填入相关内容，如地质年代、岩性代号，相同年代或者相同岩性要填入相同属性值，（此步骤是为了配合GMT绘图时，匹配cpt颜色文件中相关参数）；
- Mapgis主菜单—图形处理—文件转换—菜单栏-文件—装入区—找到目标文件—打开；在显示区域右键并点击复位窗口，检查图形是否正确—菜单栏-O选择—压缩存盘—菜单栏-O输出—输出shape文件；
Arcgis中处理
- 在arcgis中打开输出的shp文件，在内容列表中右击图层—打开属性列表—在属性列表中添加字段—按照excel表格中的顺序，将新添加的属性复制到arcgis的属性列表中；
- 导出数据为新的shp文件；
- Win+R 打开运行框—输入cmd—确定—通过dos命令（cd XXX/XXX）进入存储shp文件的文件目录；
格式转换
通过GDAL包的相关命令将shp文件转换为GMT文件；
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| ogr2ogr -f "OGR_GMT" *.gmt *.shp
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到这一步为止，数据处理完成，所生成的gmt文件已经可以在GMT中用于绘图；
关于配色
打开生成的gmt文件，可以在找到其中添加的属性名称和属性值，在调用cpt文件时，会选择对应的属性值，因此在cpt文件中可以根据具体设置的属性值，配用不同的RGB颜色，这样在运行时，即可填充所设置的颜色。
代码说明
本文章中所用代码，改编自GMT中文社区的geo3al: 中国及邻区地质图数据，由于在安装GMT时候可能会使用不同的安装环境，因此手册中所提供的代码模板可能会运行错误。
Windows环境下的代码放在网盘中，供大家下载。大家可以在评论区留言，并留下邮箱等联系方式，我会及时回复发送下载链接。
同时欢迎关注我导的微信公众号为有源头热水来 ，里边有更高级的内容值得我好好学习！
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